Pathways resilient future for developing a sustainable E85 fuel and prospects towards its applications.

The utilization of ethanol as a component of motor gasolines is an extremely effective way to increase the detonation resistance and environmental properties. In Russia, despite the existing prerequisites for the development of bioethanol industry, the real production of bioethanol is not executed, which is associated with its high price. One of the promising ways of leveling this drawback is the utilization of water-cut waste from its production, involving ethyl alcohol impurity concentrate (EAIC) instead of pure ethanol. This is a mixture of head and bottoms fractions obtained in the process of ethyl alcohol purification by distillation. This research paper investigates the impact of the nature of hydrocarbon fraction blended with ethyl alcohol impurity concentrate on the final characterization of E85 fuel and, in particular, on its phase stability and Reid vapor pressure. Physicochemical characteristics of the developed fuel composition were studied. The results indicated that none of the possible classes of hydrocarbons could effectively solve the problems of phase stability and volatility of E85 fuel. Additionally, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was the only promising component. The composition, consisting of 70 % ethyl alcohol impurity concentrate and 30 % methyl tertiary butyl ether, met the requirements of American society for testing and materials (ASTM 5798) in almost all respects. A significant discrepancy is observed only in the water content, which is compensated by the great phase stability of the composition at low temperatures. In addition, this fuel composition is characterized by great potential competitiveness in Russian conditions and without fiscal support, which was proved by preliminary calculations of the cost of E85 fuel.

New insights on introducing modern multifunctional additives into motor gasoline.

Multifunctional additives should be added into motor gasoline to raise the life of engine parts, increase the engine power, as well as reduce the exhaust emission and fuel consumption. This research article proposes new insights to produce modern multifunctional motor gasoline additives. The main components of these additives are detergents, corrosion inhibitors, and friction modifier. Additionally, original methods for assessing the effectiveness of detergent and tribological properties were studied. The test method for the interfacial surface tension is unsuitable for the primary assessment of the effectiveness of the detergent component of the additive package. However, it can well be used to control the quality of individual batches of multifunctional additives directly in production, if further comparison is made with the data obtained during the current control in production. For the initial assessment of detergent properties, the bench method can be modified by accelerating the formation of deposits on engine parts by running for 20 h on gasoline containing 3% wt of N-methylaniline (NMA). The results presented that the relative decrease in mechanical power losses when using the additive package correlates with the indicator of reducing the diameter of the wear scar. Moreover, new technical solutions were proposed to increase the availability of experimental evaluation of multifunctional additives into gasoline. Finally, these make it possible to achieve significant savings in time and money in the development and modification of multifunctional additives compositions into motor gasoline.